
異位性皮膚炎(濕疹): 實證治療
治療以階梯方式進行,而且每一級都保留下一級的基礎。潤膚劑從不停用。

第二級: 主動維持治療 (最常被略過的一步)
這一步,正是「每隔數週就發作」與「長期平靜」之間的分別。
發作平復後,在平時容易發作的部位每週塗抹兩次外用抗炎藥(鈣調神經磷酸酶抑制劑或適當強度的類固醇),即使皮膚看來完全正常。同時全身每日繼續使用潤膚劑。
隨機對照證據顯示,此做法可將發作率大致減半,並顯著延長發作之間的間隔,而類固醇的總用量反而更少 - 比起每次發作才被動處理更為節省。然而大部分患者從未被告知這一點。
關於類固醇恐懼,直接說明。 害怕外用類固醇,是異位性皮膚炎長期無法受控最常見的原因,在華人患者及家長中尤其普遍。這種顧慮可以理解,但與實際風險不成比例。皮膚變薄見於在細嫩部位長期使用強效類固醇,而非適當、針對性的療程。相反,治療不足帶來的傷害是實在的:睡眠不足、感染、皮膚增厚、以及持久的色素沉著。正確做法不是迴避,而是恰當使用 - 選對強度、用於正確部位、用足夠時間,之後接上維持治療計劃。
網上廣泛討論的「類固醇戒斷」是一種已獲承認但並不常見的現象,與長期使用強效類固醇(尤其在面部)有關。它不構成迴避適當治療的理由;有此顧慮的患者應提出討論,而不是自行停藥。
第一級治療: 外用抗炎治療
第二級治療: 主動維持治療(常被忽略)
第三級治療: 窄頻NB-UVB 光療
第四級治療: 傳統系統性治療
第五級治療: 生物製劑, 口服JAK抑制劑
Reference:
- Davis DMR, Drucker AM, Alikhan A, et al. AAD guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023.
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- Guidelines Development Panel of the Hong Kong College of Paediatricians. Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children: 2020 Review. HK J Paediatr. 2021;26:42-57. — the key local reference; cite this prominently.
- Wollenberg A, Kinberger M, Arents B, et al. EuroGuiDerm guideline on atopic eczema. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. (most recent update).
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Atopic eczema in under 12s: diagnosis and management. CG57.
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- Childhood Wheeze, Allergic Rhinitis, and Eczema in Hong Kong: ISAAC Study from 1995 to 2015. — source of the 21-year local trend data.
- Severity scoring of atopic dermatitis: the SCORAD index. Consensus Report of the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatology 1993;186:23-31.
- Efficacy and Safety of Lebrikizumab in Combination With Topical Corticosteroids in Adolescents and Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial (ADhere). JAMA Dermatol.
- ARCADIA 1 and ARCADIA 2 — two identically designed pivotal phase III trials enrolling more than 1,700 patients, evaluating nemolizumab administered subcutaneously every four weeks versus placebo with background topical corticosteroids.
- Sanofi. Press release: decision not to submit amlitelimab in atopic dermatitis for global regulatory reviews. Paris, 24 July 2026.
- Simpson EL, Bieber T, Guttman-Yassky E, et al. Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis (SOLO 1 and SOLO 2). N Engl J Med. 2016.
- Chalmers JR, et al. BEEP trial: daily emollient during the first year of life for preventing atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2020. — the negative prevention trial cited in the article.
- Hong Kong Drug Office, Department of Health — verify local registration status of every systemic agent named.
