{"id":882,"date":"2026-08-26T20:22:45","date_gmt":"2026-08-26T12:22:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/treatment-step5\/"},"modified":"2026-08-28T17:59:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T09:59:26","slug":"treatment-step5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step5\/","title":{"rendered":"Step 5: Biologics and oral JAK inhibitors"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-30 vce-row-equal-height vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-115c1523\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-115c1523\"><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-auto vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-8457c042\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-8457c042\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-8457c042\"><div class=\"vce vce-separator-container vce-separator--align-center vce-separator--style-solid\" id=\"el-da4e5a6d\" data-vce-do-apply=\"margin el-da4e5a6d\"><div class=\"vce-separator vce-separator--color-bfc0c1 vce-separator--width-100 vce-separator--thickness-1\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border padding background  el-da4e5a6d\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-30 vce-row-equal-height vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-20a02892\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-20a02892\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-22-12p vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-626198f3\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-626198f3\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-626198f3\"><div class=\"vce-single-image-container vce-single-image--align-center\"><div class=\"vce vce-single-image-wrapper\" id=\"el-9573e784\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-9573e784\"><figure><div class=\"vce-single-image-figure-inner\" style=\"width: 400px;\"><div class=\"vce-single-image-inner vce-single-image--absolute\" style=\"width: 100%; padding-bottom: 66.75%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"vce-single-image\"  width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-1586282091736-c2f9a8af8772-320x214.jpg 320w, https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/photo-1586282091736-c2f9a8af8772-400x267.jpg 400w\" src=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/photo-1586282091736-c2f9a8af8772-400x267.jpg\" data-img-src=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-1586282091736-c2f9a8af8772.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"312\"  alt=\"\" title=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><figcaption hidden=\"\"><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-77-86p vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last\" id=\"el-c4d85a41\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-c4d85a41\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-c4d85a41\"><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-b8ef0381\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-b8ef0381\"><h2><strong><span style=\"color: #756464;\"><span style=\"color: #756464;\">Evidence-based treatment<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #756464;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15pt;\">The framework is a treatment ladder, and every level continues the one beneath it. Emollients never stop.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-10 vce-row-equal-height vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-4bfb8c36\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-4bfb8c36\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-auto vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-acc3756e\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-acc3756e\" vce-box-shadow=\"el-acc3756e\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-acc3756e\"><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-84d0f244\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-84d0f244\"><div style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-right: calc(7%); border: medium none currentcolor;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #efefef; background-color: #efefef; border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 17.3819%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Step<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"color: #efefef; background-color: #efefef; border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 40.867%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Treatment<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"color: #efefef; background-color: #efefef; border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 41.7646%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Indication<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 17.3819%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/evidence-based-treatment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\"><strong>Foundation<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 40.867%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Emollients, bathing practice, trigger avoidance<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 41.7646%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Everyone, always<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 17.3819%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\"><strong>Step 1<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 40.867%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Topical corticosteroids; topical calcineurin inhibitors<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 41.7646%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Mild-to-moderate; flare treatment<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 17.3819%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step2\/\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\"><strong>Step 2<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 40.867%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Proactive maintenance twice weekly; non-steroidal topicals (PDE4 inhibitors, topical JAK, tapinarof)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 41.7646%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Recurrent flares at the same sites<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 17.3819%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\"><strong>Step 3<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 40.867%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\"><strong>Narrowband UVB phototherapy<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 41.7646%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Moderate disease inadequately controlled by topicals; useful steroid-sparing option<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 17.3819%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\"><strong>Step 4<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 40.867%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Conventional systemics: ciclosporin, methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 41.7646%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Moderate-to-severe<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 17.3819%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\"><strong>Step 5<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 40.867%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Biologics; oral JAK inhibitors<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 41.7646%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Moderate-to-severe inadequately controlled by the above<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-10 vce-row-equal-height vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-64a28b0a\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-64a28b0a\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-10p vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-637b50f2\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-637b50f2\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-637b50f2\"><div class=\"vce-single-image-container vce-single-image--align-center\"><div class=\"vce vce-single-image-wrapper\" id=\"el-ba2c2a37\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-ba2c2a37\"><figure><div class=\"vce-single-image-figure-inner\" style=\"width: 100px;\"><div class=\"vce-single-image-inner vce-single-image--absolute\" style=\"width: 100%; padding-bottom: 100%;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"vce-single-image\" src=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/eczema_icon_step5.png\" data-img-src=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/eczema_icon_step5.png\" data-attachment-id=\"782\" alt=\"\u6fd5\u75b9 \u751f\u7269\u88fd\u5291 \u53e3\u670d JAK \u6291\u5236\u5291 \u6cbb\u7642 \u9999\u6e2f\" title=\"eczema_icon_step5\"><\/div><\/div><figcaption hidden=\"\"><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-90p vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last\" id=\"el-d2b7f1a8\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-d2b7f1a8\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-d2b7f1a8\"><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-df63afab\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-df63afab\"><h2><span style=\"color: #756464;\">Step 5: Biologics and oral JAK inhibitors<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-f58d42c6\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-f58d42c6\"><p><span style=\"color: #756464;\">This is where atopic dermatitis treatment has changed beyond recognition. These advances represent the most significant treatment breakthroughs in dermatology in over a decade.\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-3a483b98\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-3a483b98\"><p><span style=\"color: #756464;\"><strong>Biologics<\/strong> are injected antibodies that block a single inflammatory signal. They are not general immunosuppressants, and they do not require routine blood monitoring.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-10 vce-row-equal-height vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-4d19c930\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-4d19c930\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-auto vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-833af4ac\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-833af4ac\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-833af4ac\"><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-660c6f49\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-660c6f49\"><p><span style=\"color: #756464;\"> Europe, the approved biologics are dupilumab (anti-IL-4R\u03b1, 2017), tralokinumab (anti-IL-13, 2021), lebrikizumab (anti-IL-13, 2023) and nemolizumab (anti-IL-31R\u03b1, 2024), alongside the JAK inhibitor baricitinib (2020).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-f472f786\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-f472f786\"><div align=\"left\">\n<table class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-right: calc(5%); border: medium none currentcolor;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #efefef; background-color: #efefef; border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 16.8329%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Agent<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"color: #efefef; background-color: #efefef; border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 20.0335%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Target<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"color: #efefef; background-color: #efefef; border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 26.8391%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Approved ages (US)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"color: #efefef; background-color: #efefef; border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 36.3188%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Notes<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 16.8329%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\"><strong>Dupilumab<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 20.0335%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">IL-4\uff0fIL-13<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 26.8391%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">6 months and older<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 36.3188%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Longest track record; the reference standard<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 16.8329%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\"><strong>Tralokinumab<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 20.0335%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">IL-13<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 26.8391%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">12 years and older<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 36.3188%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">IL-13 selective<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 16.8329%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\"><strong>Lebrikizumab<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 20.0335%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">IL-13<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 26.8391%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">12 years and older, \u226540 kg<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 36.3188%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">An alternative for those who do not tolerate dupilumab or prefer monthly dosing<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 16.8329%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\"><strong>Nemolizumab<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; width: 20.0335%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">IL-31 receptor \u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 26.8391%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">12 years and older<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 0.75pt solid #c4c7c5; text-align: center; width: 36.3188%;\"><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Google Sans', sans-serif;\">Particularly for patients prioritising relief from itch<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-10 vce-row-equal-height vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-7a428fce\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-7a428fce\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-auto vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-a902f771\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-a902f771\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-a902f771\"><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-c57f7e28\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-c57f7e28\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #756464;\"><strong>On durability, which is what patients actually want to know<\/strong>: long-term data showed more than 83% of patients receiving lebrikizumab every 2\u20134 weeks maintained a sustained clinical response after 3 years.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #756464;\"><br><span style=\"color: #756464;\"><strong>Nemolizumab<\/strong> is the newest mechanism and works differently from the rest. Approved in December 2024 for moderate-to-severe AD in combination with topical corticosteroids and\/or calcineurin inhibitors in patients aged 12 and older, it was the first FDA-approved monoclonal antibody exclusively targeting IL-31 receptor alpha. It addresses the itch pathway specifically, in contrast to dupilumab which blocks both IL-4 and IL-13 signalling to reduce inflammation. In the pivotal trials, 44% and 42% of nemolizumab patients achieved EASI-75 compared with 29% and 30% on placebo, with itch improving as early as the first week and sleep disturbance improving by week 16.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-10 vce-row-equal-height vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-a93b69ff\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-a93b69ff\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-auto vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-90c5645a\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-90c5645a\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-90c5645a\"><div class=\"vce vce-separator-container vce-separator--align-center vce-separator--style-solid\" id=\"el-95b18073\" data-vce-do-apply=\"margin el-95b18073\"><div class=\"vce-separator vce-separator--color-bfc0c1 vce-separator--width-60 vce-separator--thickness-1\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border padding background  el-95b18073\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-10 vce-row-equal-height vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-7a59728e\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-7a59728e\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-auto vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-1554e602\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-1554e602\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-1554e602\"><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-ffd342a0\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-ffd342a0\"><p><span style=\"color: #756464;\"><strong>Oral JAK inhibitors<\/strong> are tablets that block several inflammatory signals at once inside the cell. This class has demonstrated high efficacy in phase 3 trials, often showing rapid itch reduction and significant skin clearance compared with placebo. Abrocitinib and upadacitinib have both shown superior efficacy results to dupilumab in clinical studies. Upadacitinib and abrocitinib are the only oral JAK inhibitors approved in the United States for patients 12 years and older, while baricitinib is approved for AD in Europe and Japan.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #756464;\"><br><span style=\"color: #756464;\">They act faster than biologics \u2014 itch often improves within days \u2014 and are taken by mouth rather than injected. The trade-off is that they require regular blood monitoring and carry class warnings relating to infection including herpes zoster, blood count and lipid changes, and cardiovascular and thrombotic risk in older patients with risk factors. For a young, otherwise healthy patient with severe disease, the balance is often favourable; in an older patient with cardiovascular risk factors, a biologic is usually preferred. This is a decision to make jointly, with the numbers laid out.<br><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-1c17dc1e\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-1c17dc1e\"><p><span style=\"color: #756464;\"><strong>How quickly do these work?<\/strong> Newer treatments typically provide itch relief within 24\u201348 hours, with visible skin improvement over 1\u20132 weeks \u2014 considerably faster than topical steroids, which may take 1\u20132 weeks for itch relief and 2\u20134 weeks for substantial improvement.<\/span><\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p><p><strong>On access and cost<\/strong>. Coverage for approved JAK inhibitors and biologics in moderate-to-severe AD typically follows documented inadequate response to conventional treatment, with prior authorisation commonly requiring documentation of failed treatment over 8\u201312 weeks. Hong Kong insurance arrangements differ from those described in international sources, and registration status here should be confirmed for each agent individually. Documented severity scores from the outset make any subsequent application considerably easier \u2014 another reason to score and photograph at the first visit.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-10 vce-row-equal-height vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-9200443a\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-9200443a\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-auto vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-57e83f96\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-57e83f96\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-57e83f96\"><div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-30 vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-c557a6ff\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-c557a6ff\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-20p vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-82a40db4\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-82a40db4\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-82a40db4\"><div class=\"vce-features vce-var-icon vce-features--style-filled-circle vce-features--size-small\" style=\"--iconAlignment: center; --iconColor: rgb(255, 255, 255); --iconColorHover: #fff; --shapeColor: rgb(175, 163, 150); --shapeColorHover: rgb(218, 218, 218); --linkColorHover: rgb(157,146,134);\"><div id=\"el-c74cac53\" class=\"vce vce-features-icon-wrapper\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-c74cac53\"><a class=\"vce-features--icon vce-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step1\/\" title=\"\u7b2c\u4e00\u7d1a: \u5916\u7528\u6297\u708e\u6cbb\u7642\" target=\"_blank\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 769 769\"><path stroke-width=\"25\" d=\"M565.755 696.27h-360l-180-311.77 180-311.77h360l180 311.77z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"vce-icon-container vcv-ui-icon-dripicons vcv-ui-icon-dripicons-brush\"><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading vce-google-fonts-heading--align-center vce-google-fonts-heading--color-b-62-61-61--45--5C00FF--FF7200 vce-google-fonts-heading--font-family-Sanchez\"><div id=\"el-be56c07a\" class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-wrapper\"><div class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading--background vce\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border background  padding margin el-be56c07a\"><h2 class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-inner\" style=\"font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;\"><a class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step1\/\" title=\"Step 1: Topical anti-inflammatory treatment\" target=\"_blank\">Step 1: Topical anti-inflammatory treatment<\/a><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-20p vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first\" id=\"el-d8e0484f\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-d8e0484f\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-d8e0484f\"><div class=\"vce-features vce-var-icon vce-features--style-filled-circle vce-features--size-small\" style=\"--iconAlignment: center; --iconColor: rgb(255, 255, 255); --iconColorHover: #fff; --shapeColor: rgb(175, 163, 150); --shapeColorHover: rgb(218, 218, 218); --linkColorHover: rgb(157,146,134);\"><div id=\"el-1d11b99a\" class=\"vce vce-features-icon-wrapper\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-1d11b99a\"><a class=\"vce-features--icon vce-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step2\/\" title=\"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7d1a: \u4e3b\u52d5\u7dad\u6301\u6cbb\u7642\" target=\"_blank\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 769 769\"><path stroke-width=\"25\" d=\"M565.755 696.27h-360l-180-311.77 180-311.77h360l180 311.77z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"vce-icon-container vcv-ui-icon-batch vcv-ui-icon-batch-plus\"><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading vce-google-fonts-heading--align-center vce-google-fonts-heading--color-b-62-61-61--45--5C00FF--FF7200 vce-google-fonts-heading--font-family-Sanchez\"><div id=\"el-6dc07cdf\" class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-wrapper\"><div class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading--background vce\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border background  padding margin el-6dc07cdf\"><h2 class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-inner\" style=\"font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;\"><a class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step2\/\" title=\"Step 2: Proactive maintenance \" target=\"_blank\">Step 2: Proactive maintenance <\/a><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-20p vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first\" id=\"el-a605aaac\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-a605aaac\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-a605aaac\"><div class=\"vce-features vce-var-icon vce-features--style-filled-circle vce-features--size-small\" style=\"--iconAlignment: center; --iconColor: rgb(255, 255, 255); --iconColorHover: #fff; --shapeColor: rgb(175, 163, 150); --shapeColorHover: rgb(237, 237, 237); --linkColorHover: rgb(157,146,134);\"><div id=\"el-56db3679\" class=\"vce vce-features-icon-wrapper\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-56db3679\"><a class=\"vce-features--icon vce-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step3\/\" title=\"\u7b2c\u4e09\u7d1a: \u7a84\u983b NB-UVB \u5149\u7642\" target=\"_blank\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 769 769\"><path stroke-width=\"25\" d=\"M565.755 696.27h-360l-180-311.77 180-311.77h360l180 311.77z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"vce-icon-container vcv-ui-icon-dripicons vcv-ui-icon-dripicons-vibrate\"><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading vce-google-fonts-heading--align-center vce-google-fonts-heading--color-b-62-61-61--45--5C00FF--FF7200 vce-google-fonts-heading--font-family-Sanchez\"><div id=\"el-edcfdc4c\" class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-wrapper\"><div class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading--background vce\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border background  padding margin el-edcfdc4c\"><h2 class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-inner\" style=\"font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;\"><a class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step3\/\" title=\"Step 3: NB-UVB Phototherapy\" target=\"_blank\">Step 3: NB-UVB Phototherapy<\/a><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-20p vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first\" id=\"el-fcae2bd0\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-fcae2bd0\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-fcae2bd0\"><div class=\"vce-features vce-var-icon vce-features--style-filled-circle vce-features--size-small\" style=\"--iconAlignment: center; --iconColor: rgb(255, 255, 255); --iconColorHover: #fff; --shapeColor: rgb(175, 163, 150); --shapeColorHover: rgb(237, 237, 237); --linkColorHover: rgb(157,146,134);\"><div id=\"el-6d83ba3a\" class=\"vce vce-features-icon-wrapper\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-6d83ba3a\"><a class=\"vce-features--icon vce-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step4\/\" title=\"\u7b2c\u56db\u7d1a: \u50b3\u7d71\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u6cbb\u7642\" target=\"_blank\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 769 769\"><path stroke-width=\"25\" d=\"M565.755 696.27h-360l-180-311.77 180-311.77h360l180 311.77z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"vce-icon-container vcv-ui-icon-mfglabs vcv-ui-icon-mfglabs-link\"><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading vce-google-fonts-heading--align-center vce-google-fonts-heading--color-b-62-61-61--45--5C00FF--FF7200 vce-google-fonts-heading--font-family-Sanchez\"><div id=\"el-8e461002\" class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-wrapper\"><div class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading--background vce\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border background  padding margin el-8e461002\"><h2 class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-inner\" style=\"font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;\"><a class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step4\/\" title=\"Step 4: Conventional systemic treatment\" target=\"_blank\">Step 4: Conventional systemic treatment<\/a><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-20p vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last\" id=\"el-88bd9fca\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-88bd9fca\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-88bd9fca\"><div class=\"vce-features vce-var-icon vce-features--style-filled-circle vce-features--size-small\" style=\"--iconAlignment: center; --iconColor: rgb(255, 255, 255); --iconColorHover: #fff; --shapeColor: rgb(175, 163, 150); --shapeColorHover: rgb(237, 237, 237); --linkColorHover: rgb(157,146,134);\"><div id=\"el-ca60c0f4\" class=\"vce vce-features-icon-wrapper\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-ca60c0f4\"><a class=\"vce-features--icon vce-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step5\/\" title=\"\u7b2c\u4e94\u7d1a: \u751f\u7269\u88fd\u5291\u8207\u53e3\u670d JAK \u6291\u5236\u5291\" target=\"_blank\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 769 769\"><path stroke-width=\"25\" d=\"M565.755 696.27h-360l-180-311.77 180-311.77h360l180 311.77z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"vce-icon-container vcv-ui-icon-dripicons vcv-ui-icon-dripicons-pulse\"><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading vce-google-fonts-heading--align-center vce-google-fonts-heading--color-b-62-61-61--45--5C00FF--FF7200 vce-google-fonts-heading--font-family-Sanchez\"><div id=\"el-29a0495c\" class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-wrapper\"><div class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading--background vce\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border background  padding margin el-29a0495c\"><h2 class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-inner\" style=\"font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;\"><a class=\"vce-google-fonts-heading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/treatment-step5\/\" title=\"Step 5: Biologics and oral JAK inhibitors\" target=\"_blank\">Step 5: Biologics and oral JAK inhibitors<\/a><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-container\" data-vce-boxed-width=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-30 vce-row-equal-height vce-row-content--top\" id=\"el-e3fb70f9\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-e3fb70f9\"><div class=\"vce-content-background-container\"><\/div><div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-auto vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\" id=\"el-7b394dd0\"><div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background  el-7b394dd0\"><div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-7b394dd0\"><div class=\"vce-text-block\"><div class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" id=\"el-8cc6b5ab\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-8cc6b5ab\"><p><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Reference:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n \t<span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Davis DMR, Drucker AM, Alikhan A, et al. AAD guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Sidbury R, Alikhan A, Bercovitch L, et al. AAD guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with phototherapy and systemic therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Guidelines Development Panel of the Hong Kong College of Paediatricians. Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children: 2020 Review. HK J Paediatr. 2021;26:42-57. \u2014 the key local reference; cite this prominently.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Wollenberg A, Kinberger M, Arents B, et al. EuroGuiDerm guideline on atopic eczema. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. (most recent update).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Atopic eczema in under 12s: diagnosis and management. CG57.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Leung R, Wong G, Lau J, et al. Prevalence of asthma and allergy in Hong Kong schoolchildren: an ISAAC study. Eur Respir J 1997.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Childhood Wheeze, Allergic Rhinitis, and Eczema in Hong Kong: ISAAC Study from 1995 to 2015. \u2014 source of the 21-year local trend data.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Severity scoring of atopic dermatitis: the SCORAD index. Consensus Report of the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatology 1993;186:23-31.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Efficacy and Safety of Lebrikizumab in Combination With Topical Corticosteroids in Adolescents and Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial (ADhere). JAMA Dermatol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">ARCADIA 1 and ARCADIA 2 \u2014 two identically designed pivotal phase III trials enrolling more than 1,700 patients, evaluating nemolizumab administered subcutaneously every four weeks versus placebo with background topical corticosteroids.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Sanofi. Press release: decision not to submit amlitelimab in atopic dermatitis for global regulatory reviews. Paris, 24 July 2026.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Simpson EL, Bieber T, Guttman-Yassky E, et al. Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis (SOLO 1 and SOLO 2). N Engl J Med. 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Chalmers JR, et al. BEEP trial: daily emollient during the first year of life for preventing atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2020. \u2014 the negative prevention trial cited in the article.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #756464; font-size: 12pt;\">Hong Kong Drug Office, Department of Health \u2014 verify local registration status of every systemic agent named.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/span><\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evidence-based treatment The framework is a treatment ladder, and every level continues the one beneath it. Emollients never stop. 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