{"id":454,"date":"2021-07-14T13:28:13","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T05:28:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/pathogenesis\/"},"modified":"2024-05-28T17:50:31","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T09:50:31","slug":"pathogenesis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eczema.skinmedical.com.hk\/en\/pathogenesis\/","title":{"rendered":"Pathogenesis"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pathogenesis<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Pathophysiology of Eczema<\/span><\/strong>
\r\nThe pathogenesis of eczema is multifactorial, involving genetic, immune, and environmental factors that disrupt epidermal homeostasis. Two risk factors particularly associated with the development of eczema are a family history of atopy and mutations in the filaggrin (FLG) gene. The FLG gene is critical for the function of the epidermal barrier, and mutations can impair this barrier, allowing allergens, irritants, and bacteria to trigger abnormal immune responses. Increased expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) further promotes a T-helper 2 immune response, leading to compromised skin barrier integrity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/div>

Causes of Eczema<\/span><\/strong>
There is no known single cause for eczema. In fact, eczema includes various types, each having at least one contributing factor, sometimes more. Some of the most common causes include a family history of eczema, exposure to certain environmental triggers, and stress.<\/span><\/p>

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Overactive Immune System:<\/strong> Atopic dermatitis, the most common type of eczema, is caused by an overactive immune system that leads to a dry and itchy skin barrier. This condition can occur on any part of the body and presents with various symptoms. Most patients exhibit elevated levels of serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and often have a personal or familial history of atopy (Type I allergies, allergic rhinitis, and asthma).<\/span><\/p>

Many Factors Contribute to Eczema, Including the Interaction Between Environment and Genetics:<\/strong> When internal or external irritants or allergens \"trigger\" the immune system, inflammation or flare-ups occur on the surface of the skin. This inflammation is responsible for the common symptoms seen in most types of eczema. Skin folds, particularly in areas like the knees, elbows, backs of the legs, and other areas where skin rubs against skin, can lead to irritation.<\/span><\/p>

Genetics:<\/strong> Eczema also has a potential genetic component, including a protein called \"filaggrin\" that helps maintain the skin's moisture. A deficiency in filaggrin can lead to dry, itchy skin. If your family members suffer from atopic dermatitis and certain other types of eczema, your risk may be increased.<\/span><\/p>

Environment:<\/strong> In addition to a family history of eczema, many common household items are potential environmental irritants that may provoke allergic reactions, leading to eczema flare-ups.<\/span><\/p>


Common Triggers for Eczema May Include:<\/span><\/p>